4/11/2024 0 Comments Female autism spectrum test![]() It has been suggested that males are inherently more vulnerable to the genetic or environmental risk factors of ASD whilst females are inherently protected from them 8. The higher prevalence of males diagnosed with ASD can be at least partially explained by the effects of sex hormones. These observations strongly suggest sex dimorphism in the neurobiological, biochemical, morphological, and other manifestations of ASD. Furthermore, some studies revealed a higher threshold for reaching autistic affection status in females compared to males 6, 7. Males are 4 times more susceptible to being diagnosed with ASD as compared with females 5. It includes genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors alone or in combination 4. The etiology of ASD is very complex and heterogeneous. Once developed, this disorder generates permanent lifelong disabilities 3. Similar content being viewed by othersĪutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prototypical form of a pervasive developmental disorder manifested by persistent abnormalities in social interactions, deficits in communication, and repetitive behavior 1, 2. Finally, this work urges the psychiatry scientific community to use both sexes in their investigations. In conclusion, female ASD mice of both mutations undergo similar synaptic aberrations as their male counterparts and need to be studied along with the male animals. These results were consistent with the lack of differences in the three-chamber sociability test between male and female mice. Spine Density and GAD1, NR1, VGAT, and Syp levels were significantly reduced in Shank3 Δ4–22 and Cntnap2 −/− mice compared to the control group irrespective of sex, indicating impaired synaptic development in the mutant mice. Dendritic spine density in somatosensory neurons was analyzed by Golgi staining methods. Protein level of synaptophysin (Syp) was also measured. ![]() Protein levels of glutamatergic (NR1) and GABAergic (GAD1 and VGAT) neuronal markers were measured. The animals were subjected to a Three-Chamber Sociability Test, then euthanized, and the whole cortex was used for the evaluation of the synaptic phenotype. Juvenile male and female Shank3 Δ4–22 and Cntnap2 −/− mutant mice and their WT littermates were used in the experiments. In this work, we studied the sex differences of the synaptic and behavioral phenotypes of ASD mouse models. Meanwhile, some studies point to an underestimation of this disorder in females. Consequently, males remain the main focus in ASD studies in clinical and experimental settings. The estimated prevalence rate of male individuals diagnosed with ASD prevails over females is in a proportion of 4:1. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder based on synaptic abnormalities.
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